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Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD⁺)
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD⁺) - Image 2

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD⁺)

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Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD⁺)

Islip

Pickup available, usually ready in 24 hours

3 Grant Ave.
Ste. B
Islip NY 11751
United States
+16316770030

NAD⁺ is a vital coenzyme present in all living cells, critical to energy metabolism, DNA repair, mitochondrial function, and cellular signaling. It exists in oxidized (NAD⁺) and reduced (NADH) forms and plays a central role in aging, neurodegeneration, immunity, and metabolic health. As NAD⁺ levels decline with age, supplementation strategies (e.g., NMN, NR) are being explored to enhance healthspan and lifespan.

Applications
  • Anti-aging and longevity enhancement
  • Neuroprotection (e.g., Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s)
  • DNA repair and cellular resilience
  • Metabolic health (e.g., insulin sensitivity, fat metabolism)
  • Muscle recovery and exercise performance
  • Circadian rhythm and sleep regulation
  • Immune function and inflammation control
Mechanism of Action

Sirtuin Activation: NAD⁺ acts as a cofactor for sirtuins, enzymes that regulate aging, gene expression, and stress response
DNA Repair via PARP: Enables PARP enzymes to repair DNA, maintaining genome stability
Mitochondrial Energy Production: Facilitates redox reactions essential for glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
AMPK and FOXO3 Pathways: Indirectly supports metabolic efficiency and cellular longevity pathways
Inflammation Modulation: Reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, supporting immune homeostasis

Key Research Studies

1. NAD⁺ Restoration and Aging

2. Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s

3. Metabolic Regulation

4. DNA Repair and Oxidative Stress

Published Clinical Studies:

  • NR improves blood pressure in older adults: Nature Communications, 2018
  • NR raises NAD⁺ in humans: Nature Communications, 2016
  • NMN improves insulin sensitivity in prediabetics: Science, 2021
  • NMN enhances endurance in older men: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03482167

Ongoing Clinical Trials:

Biological Effects and Benefits

Energy Production:

Powers ATP synthesis in mitochondria

DNA Repair:

Activates PARP enzymes to correct damage

Longevity Support:

Stimulates sirtuins (SIRT1–7) for cellular resilience

Muscle Performance:

Improves recovery, endurance, and mitochondrial biogenesis

Brain Health:

Supports synaptic function and neuroinflammation control

Biological Effects Image

Metabolic Regulation:

Boosts insulin sensitivity and lipid oxidation

Oxidative Stress Defense:

Cycles between NAD⁺/NADH to neutralize free radicals

Immune Function:

Modulates inflammatory signaling

Circadian Rhythm Balance:

Regulates clock genes tied to sleep-wake cycles

Molecular Structure

Molecular Structure
  • Forms: NAD⁺ (oxidized), NADH (reduced)
  • Core Structure: Dinucleotide composed of nicotinamide and adenine linked via phosphate groups
  • Molecular Formula (NAD⁺): C21H27N7O14P2
  • Molecular Weight: ~663.4 g/mol
  • Note: NAD⁺ is not a peptide but a coenzyme

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